This paper examines the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA) ongoing challenge of balancing its obligations under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) and the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide, and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA) when regulating pesticides. It explores key provisions of both statutes, reviews the EPA’s past efforts to fulfill ESA responsibilities, and assesses the agency’s latest policy proposals in light of historical challenges. The analysis highlights persistent uncertainties surrounding the EPA’s ability to meet its legal requirements under both statutes.