This publication addresses gene flow in alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and its implications for coexistence among genetically engineered (GE), conventional, and organic production systems. It explains biological and agronomic factors influencing gene movement via pollen and seed, and outlines mitigation strategies to minimize adventitious presence (AP) of GE traits in sensitive markets. Key findings indicate that gene flow in hay production is extremely low due to frequent harvests before seed set, while seed production poses higher potential risk but can be effectively managed through isolation distances, pollinator control, and best management practices. The report emphasizes science-based coexistence strategies, including certified seed use, crop rotation, and removal of feral plants, to maintain genetic purity and market access.