Bioenergy crops are being developed globally to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, often on marginal lands with minimal inputs. A key concern is the potential introduction of invasive species. This commentary argues that invasion risk can most effectively be prevented through a life-cycle approach that applies scientific and policy tools at each stage—from crop selection to field production, feedstock transport, storage, and decommissioning—avoiding the "kudzu effect." The paper provides a framework to guide regulatory agencies in the selection and permitting of biofuel feedstocks.

This CAST issue paper provides policymakers and others with a nine-step guide to curtail the impact of non-native pests, including diseases, insects, and animals. These pests are the source of an estimated $137 billion annual economic burden to the United States and are the second leading cause of species endangerment. In addition, bioterrorism introduces another unknown risk factor into the already unstable mix of detrimental exotic species.