RNA interference (RNAi) is a naturally occurring gene-silencing mechanism conserved across eukaryotes. It works by degrading target messenger RNA (mRNA), and has historically served as a research tool for studying gene function. Over the past two decades, RNAi has been explored for agricultural applications, including managing insect pests and pathogens, improving crop traits, and enhancing food quality. RNAi-based crop protection is attractive due to its high specificity, which minimizes unintended effects on non-target organisms and improves safety profiles. This paper explains RNAi mechanisms, current agricultural applications, regulatory perspectives on RNAi-based pesticides, and challenges for commercialization. It aims to inform regulatory agencies, policymakers, industry stakeholders, and the public for better decision-making regarding RNAi technologies in agriculture.