Water scarcity, climate variability, and increasing competition for water resources pose significant challenges to global food production. Irrigation remains a critical tool for stabilizing and enhancing agricultural productivity, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions, but must be managed more efficiently to meet future food demands with limited water supplies. Precision irrigation integrates site-specific water application, advanced sensing technologies, decision support systems, and automation to apply the right amount of water at the right time and place. This report examines the principles, technologies, and applications of precision irrigation across gravity, sprinkler, and microirrigation systems. It reviews variable rate irrigation, soil- and plant-based sensing, evapotranspiration monitoring, irrigation scheduling tools, and complementary technologies such as fertigation and data-driven decision support systems. The report also evaluates the agronomic, environmental, and economic benefits of precision irrigation, as well as current adoption levels and barriers to wider implementation. By synthesizing recent research and practical experiences, this report highlights how precision irrigation can improve water productivity, enhance crop performance, and increase resilience to climate change. It concludes with an assessment of future research, extension, and education needs required to accelerate adoption and maximize the benefits of precision irrigation in modern agriculture.